Laminar flow describes the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where particles move chaotically, laminar flow demonstrates predictable patterns. That occurs when a fluid's speed is relatively low and the viscosity remains high. In such a scenario, each strata of liquid flows smoothly past its neighboring layer wit

From intelligent machines performing routine tasks to advanced companions offering emotional comfort, the landscape of human interaction is undergoing a dramatic transformation. Although robot technology has been around for decades, recent advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics have propelled these developments into the mainstream. Wi